STEP 1 : ASSESS YOUR SOIL CONDITIONS
The initial and most crucial step in constructing a shallow hand pump water well for your garden involves thoroughly evaluating the soil in your chosen location. Understanding your ground composition is essential because different soil types influence water retention and well stability. Ideal soil types for this project include silt, clay, sand, and loam, all of which are capable of holding water effectively.
It’s important to recognize that soil characteristics can vary significantly with depth. For example, in our experience, the top 10 to 12 feet consisted of fine glacial silt, which was highly suitable for well construction. Beneath this layer, we encountered glacial river gravel deposits, which could affect water flow and well integrity. Therefore, accurately determining the soil profile at various depths ensures the well’s stability and water reliability. Proper assessment prevents future issues such as collapse or poor water yield, making your gardening water source sustainable and dependable.
STEP 2 : GATHER NECESSARY MATERIALS
Before starting excavation, assemble all required tools and materials. You will need a sturdy six-inch post-hole auger, a three-quarter-inch extension pipe equipped with a secure coupling, and a set of reliable wrenches. The post-hole auger is designed specifically to drill narrow, deep holes efficiently, ideal for well casing installation.
The extension pipe allows you to reach greater depths without compromising control, while the wrenches facilitate secure connections and fittings. Using quality equipment will ensure a smoother process and a more durable final structure. Make sure all tools are in good condition to handle the task effectively and safely.
STEP 3 : BEGIN THE DIGGING PROCESS
Identify your optimal location for the well, considering accessibility and soil conditions. Start by positioning the six-inch post-hole auger at the center point, then apply steady downward twisting pressure. This action causes the auger to screw into the earth, gradually creating a narrow, deep bore.
Maintain consistent pressure to promote efficient soil penetration and minimize the risk of crooked or unstable holes. As soil is excavated, carefully lift the auger to deposit the material into a wheelbarrow or designated disposal area, ensuring safety and environmental responsibility.
If encountering obstacles such as roots or compacted soil, sharpen the auger blade to improve cutting efficiency. Throughout the process, regularly check that the hole remains centered; using a stake or marker helps maintain alignment.
Once the desired depth is achieved, gently extract the auger, taking care not to damage the bore walls. Detach the basket from the auger handle and attach an extension pipe with a wrench, preparing for the next phase of well casing insertion.
STEP 4 : INSTALL THE WELL CASING PIPE
With the borehole complete, insert a six-inch PVC sewer pipe to serve as the well casing. Smoothen the pipe’s end with a rasp to ensure a snug fit with the cap, which prevents debris and dirt from contaminating the water source.
Create a stable mounting platform by attaching a round piece of PVC flat stock to the top of the cap using high-quality PVC glue. This flat surface will support the pitcher pump securely. Ensure all joints are sealed tightly to prevent leaks and maintain the integrity of the well structure.
Proper installation of the casing and mounting base lays a strong foundation for the subsequent components and ensures long-term durability of your homemade water well.
STEP 5 : CONNECT THE WELL POINT AND PREPARE FOR DOWNHOLE INSTALLATION
Next, set up the well point, typically a perforated stainless steel pipe with a cast-iron tip, which facilitates groundwater intake. Use a 10-foot pipe segment and attach drive couplings—preferably made of durable steel—to connect the well point.
Drive couplings are designed for strength and flexibility, allowing the assembly to slip inside the well point with ease. Securely attach the couplings at both ends of the pipe segments, ensuring tight fittings.
To drive the well point into the ground, employ a homemade post-hole driver, crafted by welding a gooseneck trailer hitch ball to a sturdy pipe. This tool provides the necessary force to push the well point down into the soil.
As you lower the well point, periodically measure the depth using a bolt attached to a string, to confirm it reaches the water table. Proper alignment and steady driving are vital to prevent damage and ensure reliable water extraction.
STEP 6 : DRIVING AND POSITIONING THE WELL POINT
Once the well point has reached the desired depth, connect it securely to the 10-foot pipe with appropriate couplers and Teflon tape to ensure a sealed, leak-proof connection. Use the homemade post-hole pounder to drive the assembly further into the ground, applying consistent force.
Carefully lower the well point assembly into the borehole, keeping it straight and centered to avoid damage to the casing or the point itself.
Manually rotate and apply downward pressure to the pipe to advance the well point into the aquifer. During this process, periodically check the water level by lowering a string with a bolt into the pipe, helping you gauge the depth of the water table and confirm successful drilling.
This step ensures your well reaches a sustainable water source essential for your garden’s irrigation needs.
STEP 7 : ATTACHING THE SUCTION HOSE AND SECURING THE SYSTEM
Following successful placement of the well point, attach a durable black ABS suction hose to draw water from the well. Carefully slide the hose down into the assembly, ensuring a tight fit to prevent air leaks.
Cover the entire assembly with the PVC casing, tamping the ground around it to secure it firmly in place. Proper packing and tamping prevent movement or shifting, which could compromise the system’s integrity.
Stabilizing the system at this stage ensures consistent water flow and minimizes potential issues caused by ground settling or external forces.
STEP 8 : INSTALLATION AND PRIMING OF THE PITCHER PUMP
Finally, install the pitcher pump onto the top of the PVC casing. Secure it firmly with bolts to prevent shifting during operation. Place the top cap over the pump to protect the opening.
To activate your well, prime the pump by pouring water into the top basin. This initial step creates the necessary suction pressure, enabling the pump to draw water efficiently from the aquifer.
Once primed, your homemade water well is ready for use. It provides a sustainable, cost-effective solution for watering your garden, ensuring you have a reliable water source at your fingertips.